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Written by Palak Mall, Senior Content Writer · reviewed by Arvind Kumar, Lab Equipment Specialist, 12+ years in laboratory supply · updated 17 October 2026

Energy Conservation lists eight items for mechanics practicals in school and college physics labs: a loop-the-loop track and two pendulum bob sets for energy changes, a simple and a compound wheel and axle, an Atwood machine, and two inertia demonstrations. Sizes below are the ones given in each listing.

Energy changes: loop the loop and pendulums

Item	What the listing specifies
Loop the Loop	Steel ball released at the upper end of a loop track, assembled on a wooden base; shows potential energy turning into kinetic energy and centripetal acceleration in the loop
Bobs Pendulum Set	Three solid spheres 25 mm in diameter, one each of brass, copper and iron, each with a small ring for suspension
Bob Pendulum Set	Three spherical bobs of 13, 19 and 25 mm diameter, each with a hook for suspension

On the loop, the ball must be released high enough to keep contact at the top. For a ball that rolls without slipping, simple theory puts the minimum release height at 2.7 times the loop radius, measured from the bottom of the loop; part of the energy goes into spinning the ball, which is why the figure is higher than the 2.5 times radius of a sliding object. With the pendulum sets, equal-size bobs of different metals show that the period depends on the length of the string and not on the mass of the bob.

Simple machines: wheel and axle

Item	Wheel and axle diameters	What the listing specifies
Simple Wheel and Axle	Wheel 150 mm, axle 50 mm	Wooden double wheel with flat-bottomed grooves on a 10 mm spindle that projects 100 mm for clamping to a retort stand; two hooks and 6 m of whipcord; supplied without masses or stand
Compound Wheel and Axle	Wheel 100 mm, axles 50 mm and 25 mm	Cast aluminium alloy wheel on adjustable steel cones in a steel frame, on a wooden board with four holes for wall mounting; 5 m nylon cord and a steel hook

The ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the ratio of the two diameters. That gives 3 for the simple wheel and axle, and 2 or 4 for the compound one, depending on which axle carries the load. Measuring the effort actually needed and comparing it with the ideal value gives the efficiency, and shows how much work is lost to friction.

Acceleration and inertia

Economy, Atwood Machine: two low-friction pulleys 50 mm in diameter on a metal rod; 7.5 x 20 cm, 50 g. With unequal masses on the two ends of the cord, the acceleration is (m1 − m2)g / (m1 + m2), small enough to time by hand.
Inertia Ball with 3 Eye Bolt: a metal ball fitted with three eye bolts, listed for demonstrating Newton’s first law and for use as a pendulum bob. Hung by one string with a second string below it, a slow pull breaks the upper string and a sharp jerk breaks the lower one, because the ball’s inertia resists the sudden change.
Simple Inertia Balance: an aluminium rod on a plastic base with a recessed top. The striker flicks a card square away, and the ball resting on it drops into the recess instead of moving with the card; ball and card are supplied.

Related ranges

This range is part of Mechanics & Fluid Mechanics. Trolleys, the air track, ticker timers and the Maxwell pendulum are under Motion & Acceleration, single and compound pulleys under Pulleys, and inclined planes and force tables under Force & Friction.

Questions buyers ask

What is the mechanical advantage of the wheel and axle sets?
Ideally 3 for the Simple Wheel and Axle (150 mm wheel, 50 mm axle), and 2 or 4 for the Compound Wheel and Axle (100 mm wheel, 50 mm and 25 mm axles). Measured values are lower because of friction.

Are masses supplied with the wheel and axle?
No. The simple wheel and axle is listed without masses and stand. The compound one comes with 5 m of nylon cord and a steel hook.

Which pendulum set has bobs of different metals?
The Bobs Pendulum Set: one 25 mm sphere each of brass, copper and iron. The Bob Pendulum Set gives three sizes, 13, 19 and 25 mm.

What does the loop-the-loop show?
A steel ball released from the top of the track runs right round the loop without falling, showing potential energy turning into kinetic energy and the centripetal acceleration needed in the loop.

Request a quotation

List the items and quantities, with any masses and retort stands needed for the wheel and axle and the Atwood machine, and send it through the contact page.